A successful vault is a chain reaction. If one link in the chain is broken, the energy is lost. We break the vault down into six distinct phases.
The goal is to reach maximum controllable speed. The run must be rhythmic and consistent. The pole is carried upright and gradually lowered (the "pole drop") as the athlete nears the box.
The most critical phase. The athlete drives the pole into the box while simultaneously jumping up. Hands must be high above the head before the pole hits the back of the box.
The vaulter leaves the ground. The "drive knee" punches forward, and the chest drives into the pole. This loads energy into the fiberglass, bending the pole.
Using the energy stored in the pole, the vaulter swings their long axis (legs) upward. The goal is to get the hips above the shoulders (rockback) while staying close to the pole.
As the pole uncoils, it shoots the athlete upward. The vaulter pulls, turns 180 degrees to face the runway, and pushes off the top of the pole.
Clearance of the bar. The vaulter pikes or arches to drape over the crossbar and pushes the pole away to avoid knocking the bar off.